Risālat al-Ḥuqūq
A treatise attributed to Imam ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (d. 95/713), transmitted through Abū Ḥamza al-Thumālī and preserved by Shaykh al-Ṣadūq within al-Khiṣāl. It is unusual in this corpus for being one continuous argument rather than a gathering of separate reports. It enumerates around fifty rights in a single sequence moving outward from the self: the right of God, then of one's tongue, hearing, sight and limbs, then of prayer and fasting, then of those one leads, follows, teaches, learns from, owes and lives beside. Each is stated as an obligation owed rather than a claim held, which is what gives it its force.
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Risālat al-Ḥuqūq
A treatise attributed to Imam ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (d. 95/713), transmitted through Abū Ḥamza al-Thumālī and preserved by al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, who recorded it within al-Khiṣāl and again in his Amālī. It is unusual in this corpus for being a single continuous composition rather than a gathering of separate reports; it is divided here into 49 entries across 7 sections.
It enumerates some fifty rights in one sequence moving outward from the self. The right of God comes first, then the rights of one’s own tongue, hearing, sight, hands, feet and stomach; then of the acts of worship — prayer, fasting, charity, the offering; then of those one leads and those one follows, of teacher and student, of parent, child and spouse, of the servant, the creditor, the companion, the neighbour, and finally of anyone who shares one’s religion or simply one’s humanity.
Each is stated as an obligation owed rather than a claim held, and that inversion is what gives the text its force: the reader is never told what is due to him, only what he owes. It is among the earliest systematic statements of ethics in the Islamic tradition, and is widely read well outside it.